A g. : réfugiés ukrainiens à la frontière polonaise (26/03/2022) - a dr. : départ d'un train rempli d'aide humanitaire pour l'Ukraine (Seddin, le 10/03/2022)
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Après un mois de guerre en Ukraine, l'exode des réfugiés se poursuit. Et dans le même temps, la solidarité en Europe ne semble pas faiblir pour venir en aide à ces populations victimes du conflit.
Voilà plus d'un mois de guerre en Ukraine a éclaté, et le flot des réfugiés ne tarit pas.
D'après l'ONU, près de 3,7 millions Ukrainiens ont fui le pays.
Il s'agit d'un exode d'une ampleur et d'une rapidité inédite depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale.
Face à ce drame humain, l'élan de solidarité ne faiblit pas, notamment en Europe.
La Pologne est en première ligne. Pays frontalier de l'Ukraine, c'est là qu'arrive la majorité des réfugiés.
Pour certains, ce n'est qu'une étape avant de poursuivre la route plus à l'ouest vers l'Allemagne, l'Italie ou la France, des pays dans lesquels ils ont des contacts pour être accueillis. D'autres refugiés n'ont d'autres choix que de rester en Pologne.
Alors sur place, des centres d'accueil ont été aménagés. Cette solidarité émane des ONG, des autorités locales voire de la population elle-même. Les agences des Nations Unies sont aussi mobilisées.
Shabia Mantoo est la porte-parole du Haut-commissariat de l'ONU pour les réfugiés (UNHCR)
"_Aux gens qui arrivent, nous apportons d'abord une protection, explique-t-elle. _Ces populations qui fuient des situations dangereuses, où leur vie est en danger, aspirent avant toute chose à se sentir en sécurité. Mais notre intervention ne s'arrête pas là.
_Certaines personnes ont des besoins spécifiques dont il faut tenir compte. Il y a par exemple des personnes handicapées. Elles ont besoin d'une assistance particulière. _Certaines personnes ont besoin d'une prise en charge médicale."
La Guerre en Ukraine sur le terrain
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"Pont ferroviaire"
La solidarité s'exprime aussi dans l'envoi de produits de première nécessité en Ukraine.
Ainsi la compagnie allemande de chemin de fer (Deutsche Bahn) a-t-elle mis en place un "pont ferroviaire" qui relie Berlin à Kiev.
Quatre jours de voyage, plus de mille kilomètres parcourus à travers les zones de conflit et au bout du chemin, des tonnes de denrées remises aux populations assiégées : l'opération de la Deutsche Bahn (DB), la compagnie du rail allemand, résonne comme un écho lointain au célèbre "pont aérien" organisé durant la Guerre froide par les Occidentaux pour aider la ville de Berlin victime d'un blocus soviétique.
Les employés de Deutsche Bahn mènent le convoi jusqu'en Pologne où ils passent ensuite le relais aux conducteurs polonais. Les conteneurs doivent alors être déchargés et transférés car l'écartement des rails en Ukraine est différent. Lorsque le train arrive en Ukraine, les chemins de fer ukrainiens prennent les opérations en main.
"Nous ne transportons pas d'armes, pas de pétrole", souligne Michael Schmidt, porte-parole de DB Cargo, qui ajoute que depuis le début de l'offensive, les attaques sur le réseau ferré ukrainien ont été rares car "les Russes ont besoin de garder cette infrastructure en bon état", selon lui.